The Bill that Was Brought by the Plaintiffs to Prevent Pennsylvania Assignment

The Bill that Was Brought by the Plaintiffs to Prevent Pennsylvania Coal Company - Assignment Example The inferred confinement has a few cutoff points. The law has the expectation of ensuring the surface if there should arise an occurrence of mining anthracite coal. The assessment of the court recommended that remuneration must be done to support the demonstration when the harm arrives at a specific extent. This legitimate move is planned for continuing the demonstration. Much of the time, the greatest weight is given to the assembly. This implies the law has battled just when the council goes past its protected force. The court held that the demonstration can't be continued as a subject of the police power. This is on the grounds that it ought to never be permitted to make mining of coal economically inconceivable or unrealistic. The demonstration is equivalent to crushing the mineral. The lawful condition in the United States portrays a blended picture (Hay et al, 2005). The administration is acutely keen on achieving its objectives. This occasionally occurs to the detriment of the private interests. As indicated by the court, the law surmises that the private property must be secured, in this unique situation, for the open intrigue. In such cases, pay must be finished. The administration appears to have less enthusiasm for tending to the venture worries that may be raised. The ground-breaking organizations that yield significant force are not so much secure. These organizations are dependent upon the vital interests of the administrative government’s strategies (Kulick, 2012). At the poin t when the assurance of private property rights is re-imagined in the event of issues of national intrigue. The court was bowed to accepting that an excess of guideline adds up to a taking. The powerful urge to improve open conditions must be exposed to constitutionalism. This implies private the privately owned businesses must compensation for the change they need. This sentiment demonstrates that the administration organization on issues of national enthusiasm including incredible organizations is even.The significant organizations uncommon have the benefits they anticipate. The legitimate condition neglects to consider their normal yield.

Transformational Leadership In Health Care â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Transformational Leadership In Health Care? Answer: Presentation Authority adds to the effective development of the association. The difficulties openings are made do with the capable administration of the association. The authority likewise adds to the development of the HR of the association. The upgrade of expertise, the development of the way of life of the association predictable learning is conceivable with the capable authority. The development of the association relies upon the essential commitment of the pioneers its adherents. The systems of the administration for the development of the association are effectively executed with the assistance of pioneers and their capacity to lead the individuals of the association. There are various styles of authority utilized by the pioneers to bring successful workplace. Idea and hypotheses of initiative There are various hypotheses of initiative that attention on the qualities and credits for a pioneer to get effective. Hypothesis of Great Man expresses that authority characteristics are inherent. The pioneers are conceived pioneers. A genuine pioneer rises when the individual goes up against the right circumstance. Attribute hypothesis of authority centers around the characteristics of the administration like knowledge, duties, innovativeness values(Barr Dowding, 2016). The hypothesis makes an examination of the psychological, physical social attributes of the pioneer. The Behavioral hypothesis centers around the conduct of the pioneer. It concentrates how a pioneer can carry on when the person manages the undertaking the individuals in an association. Possibility hypothesis of administration advocates that there are various approaches to lead the individuals and these ways depend on the circumstance. The impacts of the pioneer are discovered when the pioneer takes choices contrast ingly in various circumstances. Value-based initiative hypothesis advocates that there is constantly a need of building up a common fortifying climate. The focal point of the hypothesis is on the gainful connection between the pioneers the followers(Drucker, 2014). The hypothesis advocates that a pioneer follows both prize and discipline to deal with the individuals in the association. The transformational authority style advocates that the pioneer sets a model and spurs devotees. The pioneer associates with individuals in the association and leads them to work effectively. Style, property conduct of various initiative style It is imperative to characterize the significance of the successful administration. The successful administration doesn't concentrate on holding the expert in the association. A genuine pioneer consistently makes an evaluation of the considerable number of works and the choice that the person takes over the span of their work(Drucker, 2017). It is significant for a pioneer to see that the choices taken by the person in question are lined up with the goals of the association. For the effective development of the administration, it is constantly significant for an individual to have a decent character. A decent pioneer associates with the devotees of the association and the way of cooperating with the adherents likewise decides the capacity of a person to lead the team(Fassin, et al., 2011). Individuals from various reasoning, societies and very much oversaw by a decent pioneer. The pioneer turns out to be innovative and deals with the individuals with fitting capacity so as to get effective in the work environment. An imperious pioneer needs the supporters to fill in according to the guidance is given to them. The despotic pioneer needs to deal with the representatives of the association according to the choice made by that person. The pioneer causes the individuals to tail the person in question and doesn't permit the workers to make a supposition on his style of dynamic. A majority rule pioneer is not quite the same as a totalitarian chief. The pioneer permits the devotees to participate in the dynamic procedure and adds to their conclusion and aptitudes. The commitment of the workers is found in the vital improvement of the association. A value-based pioneer drives the individuals of the association through their inclusion in the exercises of the association. The pioneer follows prize and discipline arrangement to persuade individuals to work in the working environment. The transformational pioneer is an uplifting head and the pioneer sets the model before the supporters to get propelled. The workers of the association are motivated by the pioneer. The workers get persuaded and the transformational pioneer builds up the capacity of the individuals in the association. The transformational pioneer gets visionary, great in correspondence, dependable, capable and has the critical thinking capacity. The pioneer has confidence in confidence and discipline(Gentile, 2012). The sympathy aptitude of the pioneer upgrades estimations of the group execution. The objectives of the association are accomplished when the transformational pioneer drives the individuals in the right course. Significance of initiative characteristics for supervisors The pioneer have various characteristics and these characteristics help the pioneer to lead individuals in the right heading for the satisfaction of the objectives and goals of the organisation(Gellis, 2001). Coming up next are the various characteristics that are utilized by the pioneer of the association to deal with the difficulties and chances to accomplish the key destinations of the association. Vision The pioneer of an association is a man of vision. The vision of the association is set by the pioneer adjusting their vision. The system that has been defined by the pioneer is trailed by the individuals in the organisation(Hughes Wearing, 2007). The most significant exercises of a pioneer are to convey the key arrangement to the individuals in the association with the goal that individuals stay mindful of that. Great Communication ability A decent pioneer speaks with the individuals suitably. The individuals of the association are conveyed the point of the association and the manners in which the individuals should work to accomplish the objectives of the organisation(Luu, et al., 2008). The correspondence causes the individuals to get spurred and to utilize their aptitudes for the advancement of the association. Inspiration Spurring individuals in the right heading is a capacity of the pioneer. The pioneer at times takes the assistance of remuneration and discipline to rouse the individuals to play out their obligations and duties. The individuals perform well when they are persuaded well. Relational expertise The pioneer of the association consistently attempts to assemble participation and coordination among the individuals of the association. The pioneer attempts to set up the sound relationship among the workers. The individuals perform well when they cooperate as a group. In this manner creating relational ability is a significant nature of the pioneer. Critical thinking quality The pioneer has critical thinking disposition. In the association, we run over numerous kinds of issues and issues. These issues are required to be fathomed except if the achievement of the association is absurd. The pioneer deals with the issues with his critical thinking aptitudes. Dynamic capacity A decent pioneer is a decent leader. The pioneer takes a fitting choice at the period of scarcity. The pioneer includes individuals in the association to contribute their abilities and experiences(Sanborn, 2016). The point of the pioneer is to take the great choice with the goal that the objectives of the association will be accomplished. Utilization of administration practically speaking in groups in an association The pioneer of the association should be truly reasonable and delicate. The advancement of a group and the exhibition of the group rely upon the manner in which pioneer lead the individuals. The pioneer knows the capacity of the colleagues and urges them to perform best of their abilities.The pioneer drives a group like a transformational pioneer. The pioneer constructs trust and companionship among the individuals with the goal that the group will work effectively(Velsor, et al., 2010). The pioneer stays straightforward and accepts the choice according to the need of the association. The pioneer centers around the best use of the abilities and experience of the colleagues. The pioneer realizes that the consolidated endeavors of the individuals in the association can just get achievement the association. The group building disposition is significant for the pioneer. The pioneer of the association consistently centers around building up the great culture in the association. The pioneer builds up the way of life of the association that lines up with the allowance of faith based expectations, qualities and confidence of the individuals in the association. The representatives of the association acknowledge the way of life of the association when they feel that the way of life of the association causes them to work autonomously and they have the opportunity to utilize their abilities and mastery in the workplace(Luu, et al., 2008). It is significant for the pioneer of the association to centers around great culture for the association. The act of good authority is found in the association when the pioneer of the association demonstrations reasonably during the adjustment in the association. The vital arrangement is defined by the association and the arrangement is changed according to the association needs. The individuals in the association don't acknowledge the change on the off chance that they are not happy with the change activity. They have to know the reason for the change and how the change will add to the development of the organisation(Reich, 2000). The pioneer of the association utilizes the aptitudes to spur individuals. The pioneer makes the individuals know the need of the change for the development of the association. This persuades individuals to acknowledge the change. Evaluation of my initiative abilities and the territories I have to improve I have earned that a decent pioneer takes a shot at a specific way of thinking. The pioneer follows the way of thinking and works viably. I comprehend that a pioneer requires realizing the distinctive authority styles with the goal that the person in question can utilize them in various circumstances. As a pioneer I comprehend that I will act like a law based pioneer, a visionary

SAO to the OCS in the IAB COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SAO to the OCS in the IAB COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA, like most organizations, is not immune to acronyms and slang.   The title for this entry might sound like a line from a rap song. It would not be uncommon to hear something like the following around our building: After I got out of my SAO appointment I had to drop by OCS to talk about my EPD project and integration of my APEA work.   Then I had to get to the penthouse of IAB and for my PMF meeting and you know what thats like during rush hour.   To top it all off, the elevator was lit up like a Christmas tree. Translation . . . After I got out of my Student Affairs Office appointment I had to drop by the Office of Career Services to talk about my Economic and Political Development project and integration of my Advanced Policy and Economic Analysis work.   Then I had to get to the 15th floor of the International Affairs Building and for my Presidential Management Fellows meeting you know what thats like during the change between classes.   To top it all off, every single button in the elevator had been pressed meaning we would have to stop on all floors on the way up. Speaking of OCS, they send out a weekly newsletter and here are just some highlights from the recent edition: OCS Highlights of the Week • Need help funding your internship abroad? Let OCS help you! See page 4 for more details. • Please share your employment news with OCS by using our new Report a Hire feature on SIPAlink. See page 3 for details. Dean’s Breakfast Series: Chris Osborne, CEO of Troika Dialog USA The Deans Office and the Office of Career Services announce the sixth in a series of breakfast and career conversations with prominent professionals. Please join us for breakfast and a career conversation with Mr. Chris Osborne, CEO of Troika Dialog USA, and Dean John Coatsworth on Tuesday, April 20, 2010 from 8:00 to 9:00am in 1501 IAB. Overseas Security and Abduction Prevention (OSAP) Seminar Back by popular demand, the SIPA Office of Career Services presents The MASY Groups Overseas Security and Abduction Prevention (OSAP) Seminar for students of International/Public Affairs, Business and Journalism who are destined for Iraq, Afghanistan and other conflict or high risk areas. Space is limited. The event will take place in the OCS Conference Room on Thursday, April 15, 2010, from 2:00 to 3:00pm.Register on SIPALink and please send a 50 word e-mail statement of need to: jpy2103@columbia.edu by Monday, April 12, 2010. Social Media: Networking to Advance Your Career Topics include: The differences between personal and business social media. Engaging your business network using social media. Business networking net-iquette. Wednesday, May 5, 2010 151 East 25th Street , 7th Floor (between Lexington and 3rd Ave.) Registration 5:00 PM To RSVP: Please go online to www.baruch.edu/spa and click on the event Sponsored by the Baruch College Alumni Relations Office, SPA Alumni Committee, and SPA Career Services Office. SIPASA Happy Hour, Sponsored by OCS SIPASA, OCS and the Alumni Relations Office invite you to your final happy hour on Tuesday, April 20, 2010. Come grab one last drink, network, and share your work experience and your future plans in NYC, DC, and beyond! In preparation for the happy hour, please provide us with any of your past experience and your career plan that you wish to share by completing the form through this link: http://www.sipa.columbia.edu/ALUM/networking Chris Hill MPA Internship Grant SIPASA is pleased to honor the life of former MPA student, Christopher Hill, with a scholarship fund for continuing MPA students undertaking public interest summer internships with government or nonprofit organizations. Christopher died in March 2000, while still studying at SIPA, after a courageous battle with cancer. Christopher’s friends and family created and funded the first year of the scholarship. MPASA fundraised to continue the scholarship in subsequent years. SIPASA took over this scholarship in 2007 with the merger of MPASA into SIPASA. The Dean of SIPA continues to match any funds raised by students for this scholarship.

Human Embryonic Stem Cells ( Hescs ) - 1627 Words

Introduction Vision loss has raised tremendous attention along with the ageing society. Relevant health expenditure has been invested into the medical field to improve patient’s quality of life, yet the (cure. the invention of iPSC, provide opportunity) MORE! Establishment of iPSC The interest in developing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a regenerative medicine has been prospering due to its pluripotency and indefinite self-renewal capacity since first discovered in 19981,2. However, the method to harvest hESCs by destroying embryos raised ethical concerns and thus the progress of this therapeutics has been impeded for years. Alternative approach was not achieved until the discover of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by integrating a combination of transcriptional factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) to human fibroblasts through retroviral vectors3,4. The research of iPSCs has grew rapidly since then due to its avoidance of embryo utility as well as its capacity to encapsulate disease phenotype, which is ideal for cell-based disease modelling and drug screening1,4. Furthermore, autologous iPSCs give possibility to non-immunogenic transplantation and thus provide promise to patient-specific therapy1. To realise clinical application of iPSC therapy, several new methods to produce iPSCs were developed using non-integrating approach such as recombinant proteins, Sendai virus, mRNA, and episomes1. The new lines of iPSCs eschew the risk of tumorigenicityShow MoreRelatedEmbryonic Stem Cells Pros And Cons1664 Words   |  7 Pagesone already exists. For years, researchers have been studying the miraculous potential of human embryonic stem cells. Human embryonic stem cells, also known as hESC, have the ability to develop into any kind of specialized cells in the human body, ranging from as simple as a skin cell to as complex as a neuron. This â€Å"miracle cure,† however, comes with a great cost; the stem cells have to be extracted from a human embryo, completely destroying it. Research institutions often obtain embryos either fromRead MoreAdvantages Of Human Embryonic Stem Cells1572 Words   |  7 PagesCompare advantages and disadvantages of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) for use in cellular therapy The research of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) is talked about a lot in the field of medical research, not just by the scientists, but also by politicians, religious groups, etc. The discovery of stem cells is known as a medical sensation, with its research having the potential to cure many diseases. But there are still ethical issues standing in the way of this research, and due to this, differentRead MoreHow Does Embryonic Stem Cells Help Treat Patients With Spinal Cord Injuries?1228 Words   |  5 Pagesapplied is the use of embryonic stem cells to help treat patients with spinal cord injuries. Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), as their name suggest, are derived from the inner cell mass from an early stage, pre-implantation embryo, known as a blastocyst, from eggs which have been fertilized via in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Once consent has been given by the host, these pluripotent stem cells are then cultured and donated for research purposes. The Human Embryonic Stem Cells, (h ESCs) serve a multitudeRead MoreThe Ethics Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1520 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Government 16 December 2014 The Ethics of Embryonic Stem Cell Research In the 21st century, disease is rampant and for most diseases, we have no cure because we haven t researched them long enough to find a specialized cure. One option that we have is human embryonic stem cell (HESC) research. HESC research consists of using human embryonic stem cells, which are very flexible and adaptive to create the necessary cells to develop future cell-based therapies for currently untreatable diseasesRead MoreStem Cells And The Human Body1421 Words   |  6 Pages Stem Cells Raven Carr Governor State University Stem Cells The human body is full of hundreds of special types of cells that are essential for ones every day health. These special cells are accountable for keeping our bodies going daily for instance making our brains think, hearts beat and, restoring our skin cells as they shed off. Stem cells are the provider for the development of new cells. â€Å"Stem cells have the amazing potential to expand into many different cell types in the body during earlyRead MoreStem Cells : Growing An Ethical Pair1427 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cells: Growing an ethical pair What if millions of Americans could have their lives changed for the better? This could be a reality if human embryonic stem cells research (HESC) was regulated and funded by the government. The reason for the lack of human trials is that many believe the use of stem cells is unethical. This combined with the fact that the process is extremely expensive, and it goes against many people’s religious or morals beliefs. Thankfully, under President Obama, the restrictionsRead MoreStem Cell Research1167 Words   |  5 Pages. Stem cell is a cell that has the ability to change into several or multiple types of cells or into any cell type in the body. There are two main types of stem cells, adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are found in cells that have only undergone the first few dozen cycles of growth and division following the fusion of egg and sperm. These cells are pluripotent and can be maintained so that they grow and divide indefinitely witho ut differentiating. Likewise, theyRead MoreHeart Disease : The Leading Cause Of Years Of Life Lost Globally Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagesregenerating cardiac muscle cells, also known as cardiomyocytes that were killed in previous heart attacks by using stem cells to replace the damaged heart tissue. First and foremost, ischaemic heart disease is a condition in which blood flow and oxygen is restricted in the heart which can lead to heart attacks. When cardiac muscles are starved of oxygen and nutrients, they will die resulting in scarring since cardiac muscles are one of the least regenerative tissues in the human body. Scarring can eventuallyRead MoreThe Conflict Between Medical Potential And Ethical Objections1358 Words   |  6 Pages Stem Cell Research: A Conflict Between Medical Potential and Ethical Objections In 2011, 23 year old Katie Sharify was involved in an automobile accident that damaged her spine, leaving her paralyzed from the chest down. Katie’s medical team proposed an experimental approach to her therapy using stem cell research, in which stem cells taken from a 5 day old embryo could be converted into cells used for communication between the brain and body. Seeing the glimmer of hope, Katie accepted. HoweverRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1652 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic stem cell research could one day hold the key to many new scientific discoveries if it is continuously funded in the years to come. I chose to base my research around the question, Should embryonic stem cell research be government funded? When I finish highschool I hope to pursue a career in the medical field. Although I wish to become a doctor and may not be directly researching stem cells, they may one day be a treatment that I will have to administer to patients. To answer this question

A Startling Fact about Samples of Dialogue Essay Uncovered

A Startling Fact about Samples of Dialogue Essay Uncovered Exposing you to various samples will help you in many ways. It is preferable to use direct quotes from the source even if it's spoken material. Omit attribution tags every time they do not offer more info. Finding the proper translator can take some time, and distinct authors have their very own specific ideas about just what the use of a translator ought to entail (as an example, conventions about translating culturally-specific slang, which matter enormously in a nation that speaks in at least 50 distinct dialects). Writers use dialogue for any number of factors. Writers often fall in the trap of providing an excessive amount of detail in their dialogue. If you use it like an essential part of the paper, the dialogue becomes a creative element of your work. It's weird the type of questions or insecurities that enter your mind once you finally make a decision to take the plunge and compose a book. Folks often have various points of view or perception on a certain thing. They may also be a manner of earning different regions of the arts a portion of people's lives now and into the future. Writing realistic dialogue doesn't come easily for everybody, however, and few things pu ll a reader from a story faster than bad dialogue. I hope this article might allow you to understand about asking and giving an opinion. If you would like to wow them from the get-go, follow the hints below. Oh no, we additionally utilize body language to receive our message across, therefore it goes without saying that this has to be captured in your dialogue. A number of the girls giggled. Possibly you live in a few miles of a college that provides non-credit language courses available a couple of evenings per week. Your normal small business week could incorporate an assortment of writing activities. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get inexpensive essay rather than writing it themselves. Narrative essays utilize dialogue for a device much like written fiction. Naturally, you may instantly jazz up this dialogue with a couple basic alterations. We find such dialogue in lots of the scripts we receive. Dialogue in plays (and screenplays) is not hard to i dentify because, apart from the stage directions, dialogue is the sole thing a play is made from. Samples of Dialogue Essay - What Is It? Other forms of essays often aim to generate a claim about something. Our custom on-line essay companies give clients numerous options since they attempt to produce and submit academic writing assignments that will lead to successful course completion and excellent grades! Our online writing program is definitely at an amazingly inexpensive course price it's totally free! Maybe you would like to score higher than the remainder of the class. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Samples of Dialogue Essay Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. Using length quotations in an essay is not a great practice in writing. The very first word in any quote should be capitalized. Let your quotes be precise and prevent anything that's not linked to the context of your writing. At this stage, you will be expected to use single quotes. So, you are going to need direct quotes. In the event the punctuation marks are he part of a bigger question or exclamation, they need to be put away from the quotation marks. On the flip side, if you're likely to use a quotation inside another quotation, you'll need to use single quotation marks. Indent the whole quotation, but don't use quotation marks around the excerpt. Don't forget to likewise put one particular quotation mark at the conclusion of the previous paragraph.

The Different Methods and Styles of Leadership Free Essays

In a seminal and much-cited article on the subject of lead-ership, Lewin, Lippitt, and White (1939) coined the term demo-cratic-style leadership to refer to a method of managing that involved give and take between leaders, or managers, and the people whose jobs they were guiding. Later identified with group leadership, democratic leadership was valorized vis-a-vis auto-cratic leadership on one side and laissez-faire leadership on the other. One may readily infer the bias in favor of democratic leadership style from the mere naming of the other style terms. We will write a custom essay sample on The Different Methods and Styles of Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now The autocratic style of leadership has been linked to the so-called scientific management methods envisioned by Frederick Taylor, who in the early part of the 20th century was influen-tial in devising a strategy of workplace behavior meant to elim-inate uncertainty and chaos in the workplace. The problem was that managers tended to leave employees out of the policy-imple-mentation equation. Supposedly, scientific management would eliminate the adversary relationship between labor and manage-ment. Instead, â€Å"science, the impartial arbiter, would decide† (Kanigel, 1996, p. 45). Yet â€Å"science† inevitably meant top-down, hierarchical management practices: â€Å"Taylor’s experts and engineers did the thinking, while you were consigned to mindless doing† (Kanigel, 1996, p. 51). Laissez-faire leadership, as the term implies, fully em-powers the group members. The actual leader recedes, but the group is responsible for its decisions. One trouble with that style is that the leader also withdraws as a resource, unless the group specifically asks for help, and intragroup rivalries and compe-tition can develop that can limit group effectiveness (Lewin, Lippitt, White, 1939). There may be no shared vision about the group’s objective. One may also infer the potential for the tyranny of the majority, a term attributed to Tocque-ville in his 1839 book Democracy in America. That idea also sur-faces in democratic-style management, but a leader changes the anarchic process by guiding the group away from internal power plays and toward unified group objectives. After World War II, influential management philosophy shifted toward ideas of democratic-style leadership with the work of W. Edwards Deming, whose famous Fourteen Points of man-agement included calls for management, not labor, to assume re-sponsibility for quality and for managers to act as leaders who clearly articulated work objectives and supported labor in im-plementing them (Walton, 1986). Yet Deming’s management ideas were more wide-ranging than leadership per se, and the style associated with group dynamics is the focus of this research. Democratic-style leadership is consistent with management theory that views workers, or members of the leader’s group, as resources rather than as drains or something to be coped with or otherwise got over. Even where some hierarchical struc-tures are in place, communication processes are meant to travel up, down, and laterally within an organization, and management practice diffuses decision-making events â€Å"throughout the organization. Even important decisions involve input from employees at all levels† (Hamiton Parker, 2001, p. 58). The democratizing influence of such practice implies that communication will be interactive, not simply a matter of transmission of messages (commands) from managers to employees. The implication, too, is that such communication must take place in an environment of openness, honesty, and shared confi-dence (Hamilton Parker, 2001, p. 58), which tends to yield cooperation and productivity. Because enterprise activity is necessarily collaborative, communication effectiveness is of paramount concern. Openness for leaders involves disclosure (sharing) of information with subordinates plus the reception or feedback from them. The authors of the best-selling One Minute Manager valorize simple, direct, and honest explanation of what is expected by management of workers, together with regular follow-up and evaluation of performance, and a commitment on the part of management to both people and results (Blanchard Johnson, 1981, p. 8). That is, the more a manager facilitates subordinates’ work (p. 19), the more likely the workers as members of the leader’s group are to be productive and to produce high-quality work. Leadership that focuses on facilitating rather than defining the details or methods of the work of employees starts with making clear â€Å"what our responsibilities are and what we are being held accountable for† (p. 27). Realism about goals feeds realistic work habits and attention to achievement of those goals. As leaders, managers must both permit and enable disclosure and/or feedback by group members in an environment of psycholo-gical safety (Hamilton Parker, 2001), which is also a hallmark of democratic systems. Equally, managers must be alert to non-verbal as well as verbal cues that may supply information about a group’s performance and attitude. Hamilton and Parker give the (nonverbal) example of the prestige attached to corner offices as having the potential to affect the quality of workplace morale. Time management, too, sends messages about the kind of equality associated with democracy: Being late for meetings may stigmatize employees (Hamilton Parker, 2001, p. 160) but send the message that some people (for example, managers) who are late when others (for example, secretaries) are on time are en-titled to be so. To be effective, democratic styles of leader-ship lead by example, with leaders asking nothing of subordi-nates that they are not equipped to do themselves. How to cite The Different Methods and Styles of Leadership, Essay examples

Yeast Respiration Lab Report Sample

Yeast Respiration Lab Report Paper The experiments tested yeast respiration in both, warm water at 42 degrees Celsius and at room temperature. The outcome of the experiment indicates the warm water is optimal for yeast respiration in comparison to cold water. Introduction Respiration is the process that converts sugar known as glucose to energy, in this case TAP (Adenosine Troposphere). This process is found in all living organisms. Respiration can occur in two ways, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to produce energy. Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen to produce energy. In yeast respiration the yeast cells are palpable of respiration in the absence of oxygen (Kelly, et. Al, 2001). Yeast has the ability to breakdown sugar into glucose, which causes the release of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a waste product of yeast respiration. Yeast is a living organism therefore optimal temperature is needed for activation of energy production. The cellular respiration rate in yeast can be affected by temperature. Temperature can alter the amount of oxygen needed for respiration and the amount of energy used. If a high temperature is present, the yeast will die and no cellular respiration will take place. Does temperature eave an effect on yeast respiration? If the amount of carbon dioxide is directly related to temperature, then varying degrees of temperature will result in different rates of respiration in yeast. The experiment will be tested using yeast and sugar at different water temperatures. I predict the warm temperature will be optimal for yeast respiration therefore the most carbon dioxide will be released. The cold temperature will have the least yeast respiration, which will affect the amount of carbon dioxide produced. We will write a custom essay sample on Yeast Respiration Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Yeast Respiration Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Yeast Respiration Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Further experiments using different dependent variable were also be used to test temperatures effect. The different dependent variables will be agave syrup, molasses, and Kara syrup mixed with yeast in independent solutions. I predict for these experiments the type of sugar used will determine the amount of carbon dioxide produced. Methods Two pipettes were sealed at the narrow ends using paraffin. Yeast and sugar were added to distilled water and mixed thoroughly to activate the yeast. Once activated, 10 ml of the yeast/sugar mixture were filled into the pipette using disposable Pasteur pipette. A test tube was placed over the open end of the pipette then inverted. The fluid level on the pipette was recorded. One tube was placed in a warm water bath at 42 degrees Celsius and the other was placed in a cold water bath at room temperature. The level of the liquid was recorded every five minutes until no more reading could be read. Four pipettes were sealed at the narrow ends using paraffin. Yeast and sugar were added to distilled water and mixed thoroughly to active the yeast. Another mixture was made with yeast and agave syrup. Once yeast was activated in both solutions, 10 ml of the mixture were filled into the pipette using disposable Pasteur pipette. Yeast/sugar mixture was transferred into two pipettes. A test be was placed over the open end of the pipettes then inverted. The fluid level on the pipettes were recorded. Both tubes were placed in a warm water bath. Yeast/agave mixture was transferred into two pipettes. A test tube was placed over the open end of the pipettes then inverted. The fluid level on the pipettes were recorded. Both tubes were placed in a warm water bath. The level of the liquid was recorded every five minutes until no more reading could be read. Two pipettes were sealed at the narrow ends using paraffin. Yeast and molasses were added to distilled water and mixed thoroughly to activate the yeast. Once activated, 10 ml of the yeast/molasses mixture were filled into the pipette using disposable Pasteur pipette. A test tube was placed over the open end of the pipette then inverted. The fluid level on the pipette was recorded. One tube was placed in a warm water bath and the other was placed in a cold water bath. The level of the liquid was recorded every five minutes until no more reading could be read. Mixture was made with yeast and Kara syrup. Once yeast was activated in both Pasteur pipette. Yeast/sugar mixture was transferred into the pipette. A test tube was placed over the open end of the pipette then inverted. The fluid level on the pipette was recorded. The tube was placed in a warm water bath. Yeast/ Kara syrup mixture was transferred into the pipettes. A test tube was placed over the open end of the pipette then inverted. The fluid level on the pipette was recorded. The tube was also placed in a warm water bath. The level of the liquid was recorded approximately even three to four minutes until no more reading could be read. Results The results indicate at the start of the experiment the reading was consistent for all three attempts using yeast and sugar placed in warm and cold water. In wow experiments the tubes placed in the warm water bath both produced more carbon dioxide faster than the tube in cold water, whereas in the third experiment there was no change then a sudden change in both tubes. See Table 1. 0 -1. 2 for results. Table 1. 0 Comparison between temperatures effect on yeast respiration.

Creativity and Creative Industries

Creativity and Creative Industries Introduction: Creativity and creative industries Creativity can be referred to as developing of a new substance that has never existed; it could be a solution or product. Creativity occurs if one invents something new that has never existed, or if it exists elsewhere, the creator is not aware of it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity and Creative Industries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Creativity can also refer to a new process of tackling something or inventing a new idea. One can also introduce an existing product into a totally different market. With the emerging technology, upcoming industrious people are able to create their work and hence establishing outlets for their creativity as a way of promoting and distributing their creative work. The creative industries may include design, architecture, writing and publishing, music, photography, and performing arts. The screen production such as in the tel evision is inclusive. Hence, creative industries are economic activities that concentrate on the generation of knowledge and ideas. These industries are usually as a result of an individual creativeness inclusive of talents and skills (Queensland University of technology, n.d). Nevertheless, the creative industries contribute widely in a country’s economy due to their uniqueness in their operations, thus attracting many clients from within and abroad. Creativity yields creative industries, which in turn lead to employment, growth, and development in a country. Hence, creative industries contribute to gross domestic product (GDP), in distribution term and job creation (Henry, 2007, pp 9). To build creative organizations, knowledge and leadership is required; therefore, the presence of an ideal leader is important. This is a person who has the capabilities of spotting an idea that suits well with the needs of an organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business ec onomics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He is an entrepreneur who finds ways of selling and guiding his/her through implementation. He is however conscious of how his ideas can be affected by contradicting actions of managers who are not keen. However, creativity is challenged by several factors, for instance, it is not easy to demonstrate the value of a new service or product that is not in existence. New ideas may be threatening to the existing market; nevertheless, if they sail through, developing of these ideas in to tangible products may be an easy task. There are a number of factors that an ideal leader should consider including the surrounding environment, which must promote idea generation. Scanning for new opportunities should be done continuously by clarifying the emerging problem. Practical techniques should also be implemented to encourage the generation of new possibilities. When the idea is finally implemented , a follow-up should be done regularly to ensure that the idea follows the right track (Arnold, 2010). Creativity can fall in many categories, for instance, the private health sectors. In is evident that private hospitals have more medical facilities as compared to public hospitals, which are limited to facilities. This is most evident in developing countries where a patient has to be referred to a private hospital to be attended. This may be due to the fact that a certain machine is only available in a certain private hospital. The profound point here is that, the management of such a hospital thought through how to attract patients or gain fame as a hospital. They then opted to import an expensive life saving machine form abroad, after surveying and discovering that such a machine does not exist in any of the hospitals in that country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity and Creative Industries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such an idea changes the lives of many people in the society, from the patient to the new employees / experts needed to operate the machine. Another example could be establishing a borehole in a community that has scarcity of water and by use of technology, pumping the water to taps. The business can decide on how to charge for the water service, thus making a community’s life easier and at the same time making money. Creativity is what gives sight to the blind, and what provides a better heart to the children with a heart condition. Through creativity, these surgeries are innovated, studied, and taught to medical specialists such that, when they perform the surgeries, they are a success. Therefore, everything in our lives revolves around creativity, which develops into ideas that form creative industries that deal with different products and services. Hence, creativity has contributed greatly to the community in that, it provides quality life for people in the society, and this is evident through a number of creative industries that surround us; architecture, designs, advertising, software, publishing, internet, electronics, infrastructure, among others. With technological know-how, our live move a little fast, since we no longer have to send an urgent letter via post office that task can be completed through an instant chat message or through yahoo-mail or face book. Despite the importance associated with creative industries, the cultural industries are also of benefit to a country such as the museums. However, it is due to their tradition state probably shuns visitors away; nevertheless, creative industries can boost such industries technologically to revive their fame.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The creative industries can also contribute to the cultural industries via architectural services, thus improving the outward image of these heritages. The internet has emerged as a result of creative industries, with its presence tasks are completed faster and communication is much easier due to the social clouds like facebook, my space among others. Information can also be acquired fast due to the search sites such as; Google, wikipedia and yahoo among others which can be referred to as information clouds. With the emerge of cloud culture, the internet has enabled exchange of information through chatting which enables one to express themselves and understand other peoples culture through interaction with other online communities. Culture gives us a sense of belonging and identity and hence through sharing of information and interaction, through clouds such as facebook, twitter and my space among others. Knowledge is the key to success, since it is through knowledge that one can be able to develop a generated idea. However, according to Arnold (2010), creativity may be faced by obstacles if the organization’s culture, does not entertain new ideas, but instead it criticizes them. Management may not be willing to take risks, thus hindering implementation of ideas. In organization where workload is routine and unrealistic expectations are required, it proofs difficult for the creativity to occur, since employee are always occupied with work. New Zealand’s creative industries According to a journal by Fritsch (2008), creativity is seen as a process mostly, other than a product in the earlier years, people used their own skills and to expand. In addition, with the presence of creative process, it leads to creative production and if creative output is emphasized, definitely a creative outcome results, hence leading to an economic success. The creative industries in New Zealand lead to the creation of goods, services, and knowledge in the textile, des ign, fashion, production, art and even in the photography sector. According to Grants et al (2009), the New Zealand creative industries led to 121,000 jobs in 2006; nevertheless, this sector led to increase of incomes, such that, as in 2006, the employee earned about $52,000 per year. A community creates a relationship that encourages the exchange of ideas and risk taking in a business environment. Nevertheless, the relationship in creative industries included a number of elements among them being an idea, which resulted to a process, experience, innovation, and collaboration. Creative industries are a part of Auckland, which is in New Zealand. According to Bruin (2005, pp 143), the creative industries in New Zealand are well acknowledged since it is believed to be a major contributor to the country’s economy. The New Zealand film industry is an example of a creative industry, which has over the years, attained recognition internationally by participating in movie production. For instance, the return of the lords, the whale rider, resulted to winning of an award like the Oscar for the actors, directors, screen artist, and digital animators in 2004. Due to technology, New Zealand has special effects on their productions, hence producing awards of this approach are evident in the innocentive company that broadcasts scientific questions for scientists to solve. Thirdly is the peer-vetted creative production approach, that is applicable in cases where no right answer exists thus, the online community task is find an answer that will respond to the customer’s tastes and preferences. Threadless is one of the companies that use this approach, where assigns a t-shirt design competition to the public. The distributed human intelligence tasking is the final approach, which is used when human intelligence tasks need to be tackled. Crowdsourcing organizations normally apply this approach when a lot of labor is required to organize piles of information in a p articular systematic way. Hence the crowdsourcing organization distributes the data online for the online communities to handle it. Amazon mechanics Turk is a company that allows organizations to hire an online community that can perform human intelligence tasks. However crowdsourcing faces critiques on its functionality, people tend to think that crowdsourcing organizations exploit an individual’s talent for the organization’s benefit; however, the online community participates willingly without being forced to and if any of their ideas win, they are then rewarded (Braham 2011, pp 6). The interaction between the creative industries and the cultural industries Creative industries are yielded from cultural industries. The difference is that the creative industries trend with up-to-date technology as opposed to the cultural industries. The cultural industries emerged in the early years and even then, people were creative as they are today. The creativity within culture i s evident in the way crops were grown from sowing seeds, and meat products were extracted from rearing animal, while wood was retrieved from growing of trees. Therefore, culture mostly relate to the past activities. Some of the cultural industries include broadcasting, internet, music, publishing, advertising, and even marketing industries. Some of the cultural products like the theatres have been modernized to big screen cinema, and in homes, the televisions are used to convey messages. Nevertheless, cultural institutions like the museums are present, thus portraying the past years of culture through exhibition of the old culture and traditions. Such cultural industries normally contribute to the economy of a country via tourism. Creative industries can be seen as a part of the cultural industries, since some cultural industries can be said to be creative in nature. The interaction between these two industries can be seen in this example of the music industry; a songwriter is the o ne who generates a unique idea of a song, â€Å"which is performed by artists in recording studios, then modified and produced by engineers, and then reproduced, marketed and distributed by record labelsâ€Å" (Brabham, 2008). Nevertheless, technology has contributed to creative industries due the easy accessibility of internet that can contribute to the growth of an idea, because of research. However, in the case of music industry where music is recorded on CDs and MP3s nowadays, they are also prone to creative destruction like piracy, thus interfering with the original targeted sales, leading to losses eventually. Nevertheless, these two industries have their differences, the table below explains: Fig 1: Table illustrating the differences between the creative industries and the commercial industries Cultural industries Creative industries Use low technology in its operation They use high technology, in terms of internet. In case of the museums and art gallery, customers n eeds are ranged a secondary. They target customer needs so as to develop They are not commercial at all. Concerned in innovation and entrepreneurship. They mostly focus on education matters like the museums. Their focus is on knowledge and information, so as to develop unique products. Employees in these industry are academics and artists, They employees here are interested in business and are mostly entrepreneurs. Its employees often have acquired high level of knowledge in academics. Technology is not an issue These industries employ employees on the basis of skills and knowledge. And must be familiar with the demanding technology. The employees’ salaries are usually low, since most of their work is based on interest. Employees in this industry are rewarded via money and reputation. The profound point here is that, the creative industries are privately funded and are modernized in contrast to the cultural industries, which mainly belong to a state and are tradi tion-based. Nevertheless, the main challenge that face the creative industry is mainly uncertainty in demand, because the goods produced depend solely on the preference of the customer, therefore, rendering it difficult to estimate the sales to be made. Hence, their main aim is to satisfy a customer, thus hoping that their products will be identified by the customers. Employees in such companies attribute their work to quality of what they produce, since the aim of creative industries is to maximize on their profits. However, product of creative industries differs in terms of quality, symbolism, aesthetics, and styles associated with the product. These industries work against time and therefore must comply with the time given. This usually applies to even their staff. In addition, their products are usually durable, such that they can be used repeatedly; an example is a video game (Puchta et al, 2010 pp 32- 35). Creativity contribution to the cultural industries Cultural industries can be enhance in a creative approach, for instance, by use of architecture and design whereby, through creativity, outstanding buildings can be redesigned and developed, thus emerging as unique and enhance their appearance; this can apply to museums. Secondly, the cultural industries should aim in adopting a creative approach in the marketing and branding area so that they can achieve a competitive advantage, hence be in a position to compete at global level, and even attract local tourists. The cultural industries should be able to embrace technology in their operations, thus being at a competitive advantage since they will be advanced technologically. The lack of commercial experience by the cultural industries, hence the creative entrepreneurs can assist in commercializing these sectors. The goods and products of these two industries vary in terms of ownership. Cultural industry goods are usually state owned thus described as the public goods, which are run by non-profitable org anization, while the creative industries are privately run and their good and services are marketed and distributed to convenient customers. In addition, these industries have to be at a competitive advantage in order to survive in the competitive market. According to Smith (2009, pp 153), the main reason why cultural industries are no longer a concern for visitors is because they seem old fashioned and less fun and attractive, hence people prefer visiting the cinemas, and watching soap operas on the television as a way of spending their leisure time. However, if these old heritages were renovated and a state of modernity is installed, then they would receive many audiences, not only for educational matters but also for leisure purposes. Conclusion Creativity is the source of developments across the world, since it leads to a creative society, which also yields to a creative economy that generates huge profits for its country, and in return provides of job opportunities and developm ent in the society. Without creativity, human beings cannot survive, thus thinking out of the box is what makes nations develop and earn profits. People’s living standards also improve due to creativity, since new source of incomes develop thus providing employment to the society; thus, a relationship between creativity and the society is build. Creativity is however, a major competitive factor in a country, due to the inclusiveness of technology, which is also a key to competition that may positively or negatively affect a product. Since creativity depends on one’s skill or talent, it literally affects the process of production. Creativity yields to external and internal benefits such that the external benefits are evident as an innovative idea while internal benefits of creativity are evident in job satisfaction and a person’s well-being, hence, these factors should be encouraged in organizations. Nevertheless, creativity should be incorporated to the cultural industries to develop them technologically such as good infrastructure, which could include wireless internet in public buildings. Crowdsourcing is evident in creative industries whereby tasks are distributed to the public for experts to tackle them. This practice is very efficient since the crowdsourcing company generates a variety of ideas and chooses the best among them. Though crowdsourcing is criticized for exploiting the community’s ideas, an organization benefits fully from this process and the winning idea is rewarded. The internet has brought about easy accessibility to information and communication has been made easier, effective and fast, thus yielding to many clouds in the community. Cloud culture for instance is a way in which different culture may be expressed, however cloud culture can only contribute to creativity if people are willing to cooperate, share and create information. Culture provides a sense of identity to people while creativity contributes to gr owth as culture stabilizes the society. It is however clear that the internet has benefited the world and made life easier. References Anon. (2011). Creative industries. Retrieved from http://business.newzealand.com/Industries/15245.aspx#apparel. Arnold, A. (2010). Building a creative organization. Business week. Retrieved from businessweek.com/managing/content/sep2010/ca2010091_968396.htm. Braham, D. (2011). Crowdsourcing: A draft on; A Model for Leveraging Online Communities. Retrieved from http://dbrabham.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/brabham_handbook_crowdsourcing.pdf. Brabham, D. (2008). A convergence article; Crowd sourcing as a Model for; Problem Solving. NY: Sage publishing. Bruin, A. (2005). Multi-level entrepreneurship in the creative industries New Zealand’s screen production industry. Retrieved from http://sme-centre.massey.ac.nz/files/deBruinMulit-level_entrepreneurship.pdf. Flew, T. (N.d). Beyond ad hocery: Defining Creative Industries; Media Communication. Creat ive Industries Faculty. Queensland University of Technology. Retrieved from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/256/1/Flew_beyond.pdf. Fritsc, J. (N.d). Can a ‘Communities of Practice’ framework be applied to the creative industries as an identified audience for the VA? Head of Gallery Interpretation, Evaluation Resources, VA. Retrieved from vam.ac.uk/content/journals/research-journal/issue-01/can-a-communities-of-practice-framework-be-applied-to-the-creative-industries-as-an-identified-audience-for-the-v-and-a/. Grant, A. et al. (2009). The creative sector in New Zealand: mapping and economic role: report to New Zealand Trade and Enterprise. Retrieved from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/31133/. Haavisto, V. (N.d). University of Art and Design Helsinki UIAH School of Design. Toward a creative society; embracing the diversity of creativity. Retrieved from etla.fi/files/1253_FES_04_3_towards_a_creative_society.pdf. Hagoort, G., and Kooyman, R. (N.d). Creative Industries. NY: Eburon Uit geverij B.V. Publisher. Henry, C. (2007). Entrepreneurship in the creative industries: an international perspective. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Leadbeater, C. (2010). Cloud culture; the future of global cultural relations. (Attached material). Leadbeater, C. (2010). Cloud culture: the promise and the threat. [2.2.10]. edge foundation Inc publishers. Retrieved from edge.org/3rd_culture/leadbeater10/leadbeater10_index.html. Montgomery, L. (2011). Chinas Creative Industries: Copyright, Social Network Markets and the Business of Culture in a Digital Age. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Potts, J. et al. (2008). Social network markets: a new definition of the creative industries Journal of Cultural Economics; Volume 32, Number 3 / September 167-185. Retrieved from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/18071/2/18071.pdf. Puchta, D. et al. (2010). The Berlin Creative Industries. Berlin: Gabler Verlag Publisher. Queensland University of technology. (N.d). what are the Creative Industries? Retriev ed from creativeindustries.qut.edu.au/about/what-are-the-creative-industries/ Schmit, G. (N.d). Can Creativity Be Crowd sourced? New Tools and Technology Force Big Changes in the Ad Industry. Ad Age Digital. Retrieved from http://adage.com/article/digitalnext/tools-technology-force-big-ad-industry/136019/. Simpson, M. (N.d). The Importance of Creativity on Our Global Society and in Today’s Educational System; Baylor University. Retrieved from wfate.org/papers/Power_and_Influence_of_the_Right_Brain.pdf Smith, M. (2009). Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies. Second edition. London: Taylor Francis Publisher. UK trade and investment. (N.d). Creative and media sector in New Zealand. Retrieved from www.ukti.gov.uk//Creative%20sector%20in%20New%20Zealand.pdf.html.

How to Focus Without Distractions

How to Focus Without Distractions It happens to even the best-intentioned of us: we promise ourselves  today  is the day to buckle down, focus, and get everything on our to-do list done. Really. For sure. Today. And then, 8 hours later, we’re caught up on gossip and have made our way through the day’s Twitter feed†¦but nothing is crossed off the list. What you need is a good solid game plan, with actionable items, on how to actually accomplish your daily goals. Read on for tips you can apply to your everyday life and how to focus without distractions

Beijing Olympics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Beijing Olympics - Case Study Example Interesting fact is that Chinese government hired a Western public relations firm to work on the 2008 Beijing Olympics instead of local firms in order showcase the brilliance of Chinese culture, technological superiority and infrastructure to rest of the world (Foss and Walkosz, 2008 & Fram, 2008). During the Olympic, Olympic organizing committee took help of public relations firm Hill & Knowlton (WPP Group) to handle its public relationship activities (Clifford, 2008). For last many decades, Chinese government is facing problem from Tibet support groups who are protesting against the encroachment of China in their country. China had experienced bad publicity stint due to widespread publicity of the protest of Tibet support groups before the inauguration of Olympic. Pro-Tibet supporters showed their protest in various cities of western world such as Paris, London, and San Francisco and also interrupted in activities like Olympic torch relay before the Olympic. In some cases, Chinese embassies were attacked by Tibet support groups. Sensitivity of the issue forced Chinese government to think about hiring an international public-relation (PR) who can handle the situation professionally (Ballas & Kanoff, 2008). Preuss (2008) has highlighted the fact that, although China had plenty of domestic PR organizations but Chinese government was not confident enough to take help of these mediocre PR companies to represent the country in the world stage. Chinese government took Olympic game as the stage to showcase their efficiency in terms of infrastructure, technology, marketing etc to western worlds hence in such context, taking help of domestic firms might malign their reputation (Preuss, 2008). Assess the reasons why protesters and activists target events such as the Olympics Olympic is an international event where more than 100 countries participate and China was first time hosting Olympic during 2008. Hence it was the perfect timing for protester to show their protest and bring their agenda for free Tibet in front of representative of international countries. Research scholars such as Fram (2008) and Ballas & Kanoff (2008) have pointed out that Tibet support groups have strategically planned the protest program in order highlight their agenda in front of international countries and gain their support on the agenda. The leaders of protesting groups had created a communication plan and training program for fellow protesters for teaching them how to give interview or even rappel (Clifford, 2008). During the course of Olympic, protesters have changed their agenda from protesting the right of Beijing to organize Olympic to human right violation of Chinese government in different parts of China and China’s investments in Sudan (Clifford, 2008). Kalaya’

The topic for your paper will be Baze v Rees, a Supreme Court hearing Term

The topic for your will be Baze v Rees, a Supreme Court hearing on lethal injection. The question for your 3-4 page - Term Paper Example First and foremost, the main argument on the part of the Baze’s lawyers was that sodium thiopental, the first drug to be given, is likely to be injected improperly making the petitioners feel an ominous pain before the final death provoked by the second and the third drugs, pancuronium bromide and potassium chloride (Supreme Court, 2008). It is a precedent to appeal to the 8th Amendment. The idea is that this prescription to the paramount law document of the US judicial system gives ground to consider causing pain as an undemocratic step within the law system and capital punishment at large. Insofar, the 8th Amendment states as follows: â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted† (U.S. Constitution - Amendment 8, 2010, p. 1). Thus, the Constitution provides a particular background to justify the case of Baze v. Rees. Thus, an unconstitutional administration of lethal injection had become the main thesis by the petitioners – both convicted in double homicide – stating that there is the â€Å"risk that the protocol’s terms might not be properly followed, resulting in significant pain† (Mandery, 2011, p. 483). ... There were different arguments to make such a conclusion. First of all, â€Å"cruel and unusual punishments† are those inflicted for the sake of the punishment and pain, in particular. Thereupon, lethal injection does not presuppose disembowelment, torture, beheading, burning alive or some substantial risk going apart from humane procedures regarding capital punishment. To say more, three justices had a concurrent claim that following the case Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U. S. 153, capital punishment complies with the constitutional norms: â€Å"Because some risk of pain is inherent in even the most humane execution method, if only from the prospect of error in following the required procedure, the Constitution does not demand the avoidance of all risk of pain† (Supreme Court, 2008, p. 1). This is the standpoint supported by the majority of the Court. It makes a strong assumption that has nothing to do with the precedent of Wilkerson v. Utah, 99 U. S. 130 (Supreme Court, 2008 ). Nonetheless, petitioners overall claim of the substantial risk in case of improper following the administration of the lethal injection encountered another counter claim by the Court. In this respect the minimal risk is imposed while mixing the death â€Å"cocktail†, and it is a generally accepted fact which suggests â€Å"manufacturers’ thiopental package insert instructions† to be clear to follow even by a newbie (Supreme Court, 2008). The alternative proposed by the petitioners did not correspond to the humane character of the 8th Amendment. As a matter of fact barbiturate-only protocol used primarily by the veterinarians to put animals to sleep was not acceptable in this respect (Supreme Court, 2008). It would definitely go apart with the federal system of capital

Culture and Public Relations: Links and Implications

Culture and Public Relations: Links and Implications Public relations can be described as an industry which builds bridges and maintain relationships with an organization and its intended public. At its very core, public relations it about connecting people, making it a very human oriented industry. Because it is so human oriented, it results in a PR person having to interact with many people, who may come from several different cultures. Culture, as explained by Thwaites, is the ensemble of social processes by which meanings are produced, circulated, exchanged (Thwaites, Davis, Mules, 1994). In short, it is simply the production of meanings by people. It is especially important for PR activity in terms of its role in the meaning-making process. Culture is multi-discursive and can be contested. It is also dynamic and historical. This means that culture is not stagnant and can evolve over time. This essay seeks to explore the relationship between culture and public relations in depth, especially the importance of intercultural competence in relation to a PR practitioner’s work. In order for a PR practitioner to properly carry out their work, cultural research is essential. To do so, they can adopt the use of anthropology and ethnography. According to the American Anthropological Association (n.d.), anthropology is the study of humans, whether past or present. Sociocultural anthropology explores the social patterns and practices across different cultures, especially how people live, organize, govern and create meaning. Traditionally, the anthropology approach treats culture as predictive, static and a casual variable (Bardhan Weaver, 2010). However, it is still useful to examine cultures in different contexts as they offer alternative ways of thinking about public relations. On the other hand, ethnography can help PR practitioners understand public relations and its effects in different ways. As one come across research from the 1990s and 2000s, they will realize that many of these researches drew on Hofstede’s extensive studies, mapping four dimensions of national culture. These four dimensions of national cultures are: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity versus feminity and individualist versus collective. Although extensive, Hofstede’s studies show only a static understand of culture, and is focused on understanding the culture of others in order to perform business functions more effectively. In spite of that, public relations should focus more on building and maintaining multicultural relationships and communities. In this increasingly globalized world, PR practitioners are crossing borders more, whether online or offline. Effectively, PR practitioners can be said as culture workers. Because of this, PR practitioners need to have more understanding of different cultures and the cultural differences. By developing an understanding for cultural differences, they may come to realize that one approach may not work across all cultures. As such, intercultural competence is very important for a PR practitioner. Developing intercultural competence will allow for a PR practitioner to come up with better approaches when working with different cultures. One example will be the difference between PR in America and China. Using Hofstede’s dimensions, one will find that the Chinese culture is very different from the American culture. The Chinese society in China firmly believes that a wide power distance is acceptable and that inequalities are acceptable; whereas the Americans are more open and there is a very narrow power distance between the higher and lower ranking members of an organization. PR in Singapore is also vastly different to practices in China. To the Chinese, because China is such a relationship-rooted society, networking and PR activities are expected to include gifting, as well as having to â€Å"wine and dine† a client before discussing official business. In Singapore, this is not widely-practiced, and doing so may seem like one is accepting favours or bribes. Such are examples of how difference in culture may affect a PR practitioner’s approach. Cultures may also be split into three areas, namely: occupational, organizational and education and research. In occupational cultures, research has to be done as cultural concepts are key to understanding public relations â€Å"as an occupational culture as well as a form of culture-worker† (Edwards Hodges, 2011). The various roles of public relations in culture highlights many different practices, which can be applied to many aspects of client handling. PR in occupational cultures can also be said to comprise of more than one culture such as â€Å"consultancy culture† and â€Å"in-house culture†. These cultural constraints, if understood, can help explain the relationship between PR and society. On top of that, it can also shine light on how cultural and societal conventions influence the industry in different contexts, and shape expectations and generate stereotypes or caricatures (Edwards Hodges, 2011). On the other hand, PR in organizational culture approaches research very differently and for different purposes. Anthropological concepts can be used to decipher the role of public relations in order to establish dichotomy of a manager-technician (Edwards Hodges, 2011). Because the nature of a PR practitioner’s work is necessarily cultural, research is instrumental to show that they are doing more outside of what is commonly perceived of them. In educational and research cultures, PR research can be useful to provide insights into â€Å"the existence and origin of resistances and negotiation over the curriculum† (Edwards Hodges, 2011). Ethnographical research can also be used to look into the cultures of professionals and those who are involved in the education industry. Because of the diversity of cultures, a PR practitioner has to develop a set of intercultural skills which are crucial to their work. Some examples of such skills will include knowledge of the different cultures, having an open mind as well as having empathy. Intercultural skills are important to a PR practitioner simply because of the number of different cultures that they will interact with in the span of their career. More often than not, a PR practitioner will find that a single approach will not work across all cultures, that â€Å"one shoe does not fit all†. As such, honing their intercultural skills is a must in order for them to come up with cultural-appropriate approaches. Intercultural competence involves both intrapersonal and interpersonal skills. Intrapersonal competencies mostly involve cognitive skills, which is altering one’s perspective to see from another person’s perspective. It also involves self-reflection, problem solving, as well as culture-detection (Stier, 2006). In addition, it also deals with understanding why people feel certain ways as well as the implications of these feelings and how people cope with them, which may be triggered by unknown cultural settings (Stier, 2006). Interpersonal competencies, however, involves interactive skills. Skills such as being able to â€Å"detect and interpret non-verbal cues, subtle signals and emotional responses† (Steir, 2006), as well as how to respond to them fittingly. The most important aspect of intercultural competence that a PR person has to possess is arguably empathy. Empathy, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is the act of understanding and being sensitive to the feelings, thoughts and experiences of another. Being a â€Å"culture worker†, a PR person’s work spans many cultures. One have to understand that imposing their own thoughts and culture on another will not go down well, and that the right approach is to instead take the time to first understand how the culture functions and produce meaning. Culture plays a very big part in a PR person’s work. It is closely related to the way a PR practitioner is able to carry out their work, and PR practitioners have to do adequate research in order to prep themselves for the different cultures they will come across. Common research methods include the anthropological and ethnographical methods. Other than research, intercultural competence is also very important to a PR person. Because we live in an increasingly globalized community, it is inevitable that we will interact with many different cultures. Understanding of these cultures and one’s own will help one to understand the differences in each other’s cultures, so as to come up with better approaches when working with them. In conclusion, PR work requires cultural competence as it negotiates cultures, crossing boundaries online and off. Practitioners have to be flexible and understand the cultural values which are the foundations of the industry, as well as understand their cultural heritage. PR work also requires global and local knowledge, so as to facilitate to different cultures. Most of all, PR people should focus on building positive multicultural relationships and communities, as well as maintaining them. References What is Anthropology? (n.d.). Retrieved May 26, 2015, from http://www.aaanet.org/about/whatisanthropology.cfm Bardhan, N., Weaver, C. (2010). Public relations in global cultural contexts (p. 298). London, Abingdon, Ox: Routledge. Definition of â€Å"Empathy†. (n.d.). Retrieved May 27, 2015, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/empathy Edwards, L., Hodges, C. (2011). Public relations, society culture: Theoretical and empirical explorations (1st ed.). New York, New York: Routledge. Stier, J. (2006). Internationalisation, intercultural communication and intercultural competence. Journal of Intercultural Communication, (11). Retrieved May 27, 2015, from http://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr11/stier.pdf Thwaites, T., Davis, L., Mules, W. (1994). Tools for cultural studies: An introduction (1st ed.). South Melbourne, Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia.

D.H Lawrence’s “Tickets Please” Essay

In tickets there are two main characters, these are John Thomas and Annie. Annie works on the trams and girls are only chosen to work on the trams of they have a confidant nature and a certain no-nonsense approach to men. And this affects her relationship with John Thomas. There are many ways how Lawrence shows how Annie and John Thomas are attracted to each other. The first example of this is on page eighty three paragraph two. † She could tell by the movement of his mouth and eyes, when he flirted with her in the morning in the morning, that he had been walking out with this lass, or the other, the night before. A fine cock-of-the-walk he was. She could some him up pretty well.† The part where she says she could tell by the movement of his eyes and his lips show that she must have some interest in him because she must have studied his movements; this shows at the very least she is interested in him. Another example that shows that they are attracted to each other is the fact that Annie says that she keeps John Thomas at an arm length away from her but John Thomas keeps coming back to try and win her over. Just to show that John Thomas is attracted to her he goes out with another girl after she turns him down as if just to spite her. This also shows more than a passing interest in Annie. On page eighty three we see how Annie and John Thomas react to each other. In paragraph three Lawrence shows and tells us how they react to each other † In this subtle antagonism they knew each other like old friends, they were as shrewd with one another almost as man and wife.† This tells us that when they flirt with each other they are like old friends, it is almost like a routine they both know of-by-heart but carry it on none the less. An example of how John Thomas reacts to Annie is on page eighty four where Annie meets John Thomas at the fair. The example is on the fourth paragraph. â€Å"John Thomas made her stay on for the next round. And therefore she could hardly for shame repulse him when he out his arm around her and drew her a  little nearer to him, in a very warm and cuddly manner. Besides he was fairly discreet, he kept his movements as hidden as possible.† This shows us that John Thomas is reacting to Annie less in the capacity as her friend but more as her boyfriend. We can also tell how Annie reacts to John Thomas in the extract above. In the quote above Annie tells us that John Thomas puts her arm around her and she says he did it in a very cuddly manner and that he was fairly discreet. It is almost as if Annie is trying to convince herself that there is nothing wrong with what she is doing and feeling. Annie is rapidly forgetting that she has a boyfriend and is becoming ensnared in John Thomas’s ploy. In the end Annie decides to get her own back on John Thomas for rejecting her and she goes round her work place subtle suggesting to the other girls that he had dumped that it would be a good idea to get their revenge on him. In the end I think John Thomas â€Å"wins† because he is completely humiliated by been beaten up by the girls and yet when he is forced to choose which one of the girls he is going to stay with he chooses Annie. Annie seems horrified by this because the very thought revolts her due to what he is. In John Thomas’s humiliation it is almost as if the humiliation that has been inflicted upon him has been traversed to Annie as she begins to realise the full consequences of hat she has done. She has cheated on her boyfriend and she herself also feels humiliated by inflicting pain and taking her revenge too far.

Cohabitation and Its Effect on Rise in Divorce Rate

Effect of Cohabitation on the Rising Divorce Rate The rise of the divorce rate seems to be due to the lack of commitment or understanding of love and longevity in a marriage. Cohabitation can be defined as an arrangement whereby two people decide to live together on a long term or permanent basis in an emotionally and /or sexually intimate relationship (Brannon 2008). Cohabitation is seen as the best way to understand a prospective mate in terms of living and financial stability. Also many couples tend to â€Å"slip† into this arrangement without much decision making about it being long term, but tend to just â€Å"live in the moment†. The cohabitation of couples whether they be heterosexual or homosexual seems to lack the†¦show more content†¦The need for long term commitment and devotion to their mate is part of their biological makeup. On the contrary, the testosterone of the male partner seems to be more aggressive which would cause them to be very territorial over their personal belongings and earnings. T he influence of the male hormone may help explain the need for a man to cohabitate with his partner in order to manipulate the requirements of marriage without financial or complete emotional attachment. So the differentiation of brain development causes a conflict of views, ways of relating and expressing emotion between married couples causing early divorce. The act of living together in a common place during a relationship can also cause the illusion of marriage, decreasing the importance of the constitution of marriage itself. This can cause psychological repercussions to both male and female (Bradbury 1987). The endearing part of the woman longs for marriage whereas the man sees this as the next best thing to marriage without the commitment to their mate. But contrary to the belief of both partners, this can only cause conflict between them. â€Å"First, a spouse locates the cause of a problem in the partner; second, he/she decides that the other partner is responsible; and fi nally he/she assign blame to his/her partner.†(Bradbury 1987) So when newly married couples have participated in the cohabitation phase, many believe that their lives are closing in on them after the marriage license isShow MoreRelatedThe Reasons for Changes in the Patterns of Marriage, Cohabitation and Divorce in the last 30 Years845 Words   |  4 PagesChanges in the Patterns of Marriage, Cohabitation and Divorce in the last 30 Years Over the last 30 years there has been a significant change in the pattern for marriage, co-habitation and divorce. There are many reasons for these changes that have taken place. For example, since 1971, when a divorce act was introduced, divorce has been more acceptable in todays society. This has slowly increased the figures of divorce at a steady rate. A downfall in religion has also Read MoreThe Trial Period Before Marriage1670 Words   |  7 Pagesdecades, cohabitation has been a common trend and is steadily on the rise, especially in the United States. It has been labeled â€Å"the norm† for couples to live together before marriage. Cohabitation has taken research into a new level and new research is evolving day by day with factors related to cohabitation first and marriage next. The types of research that is currently present in today’s society is information on cohabitation and economic factors, cohabitation and distress, cohabitation and divorceRead MoreRelationship Between Cohabitation And Divorce810 Words   |  4 PagesCohabitation is categorized as two people engaged in an intimate relationship residing in the same home permanently or for an extended amount of time. Research denotes a strong correlation between cohabitation and divorce. 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Simultaneously, cohabitation is a family form that progressively includes children (Manning Lamb, 2003). Additionally, marital status serves as an indicator of qualities and characteristics of the child’s family life. Existing literature specifies that children in cohabiting stepparent families fare worse than children living with two married, biological parents (Manning Lamb, 2003). As cohabitation is occurringRead MoreFamily Structure And Structure Of The British Family1744 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction. Family is the fundamental unit of society. The concept and structure of the British family has seen a change over the last 50 years. These changes have culminated in the decay of marriage and therefore the rise of cohabitation, new forms of family composition and the delay of parenthood, thus, making traditional nuclear family less stable than in previous generations (Jenkins et al. 2009). The aim of this essay is of great importance as it will look at important decades since theRead More Cohabitation and its Effect on Marital Stability in the US Essay1725 Words   |  7 PagesCohabitation and its Effect on Marital Stability in the US Unmarried heterosexual cohabitation has increased sharply in the recent years in the United States. It has in fact become so prevalent that the majority of marriages and remarriages now begin as cohabiting relationships, and most young men and women cohabit at some point in their lives. It has become quite clear that understanding and incorporating cohabitation into sociological analyses and thinking, is crucial for evaluating family

Reducing The Suicide Rate Of Healthy People 2020 A...

Preventing Suicide Healthy People 2020 is a government site that identifies health concerns based on statistics observed and collected over a ten-year period. Mental Health and Mental Disorders is one of the many health concerns or topics listed on their website and has been further subcategorized into objectives and goals (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2015). The first objective listed under this topic states â€Å"reduce the suicide rate† (HHS, 2015). The goal of this objective is to â€Å"reduce the suicide rate by ten percent† (HHS, 2015). Suicide is prevalent among varying age groups, ethnicities, and genders (HHS, 2012). It is an increasing problem prompting Healthy People 2020 to label it as a Leading Health Indicator or an extremely important issue (HHS, 2015). To meet their goal, Healthy People 2020 partnered with the U. S. 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